The audiences typically are looking for information that fits their belief systems, so it is a really tough problem.. Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? Digital resources and services allow libraries to significantly expand the scope of information available to users. Brennan Center for Justice at the NYU School of Law, Free Expression Policy Project, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense(2008) In short, its a successful strategy, made simpler by more powerful information technologies., Philip J. Nickel, lecturer at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, said, The decline of traditional news media and the persistence of closed social networks will not change in the next 10 years. A leading researcher studying the spread of misinformation observed, I know systems like blockchain are a start, but in some ways analog systems (e.g., scanned voting ballots) can be more resilient to outside influence than digital solutions such as increased encryption. Filtering Software: The Religious Connection (2002) Among the technological solutions for cleaning up the information environment are those that work to clearly identify entities operating online and employ algorithms to detect misinformation. Being banned from social media is one obvious one. Governor Mifflin School District And Filtering Of LGBT Online Content, Franks v. Metropolitan Board of Public Education. manage the reactions of the listener(s), you are engaging in filtering. Many respondents agree that misinformation will persist as the online realm expands and more people are connected in more ways. C) The early selection filter because it allows higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. ____________ is time away from work for personal reasons. Still, the more hopeful among these experts argue that progress is inevitable as people and organizations find coping mechanisms. Featured Speakers: Gwyneth Jones We are too polarized. Bots are often employed, and AI is expected to be implemented heavily in the information wars to magnify the speed and impact of messaging. He is so mean and I can't w8 2 get outta there. Sally's father calls her, noticeably upset because he has not understood the text and thinks she is in trouble. There will be a sort of gold standard set of sources, and there will be the fringe. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. A longtime technology editor and columnist based in Europe, commented, The blockchain approach used for Bitcoin, etc., could be used to distribute content. After the 2016 election, the issue of fake information has been spotlighted.. Amber Case, Laurel Felt, lecturer at the University of Southern California, There will be mechanisms for flagging suspicious content and providers and then apps and plugins for people to see the trust rating for a piece of content, an outlet or even an IP address. There are a lot of rich and unethical people, politicians, non-state actors and state actors who are strongly incentivized to get fake information out there to serve their selfish purposes. b.Consensus, Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between conflict and performance is true? a.c.to understand why people do what they do b.d.to identify how to motivate employees. Already we are developing technologies that make it impossible to distinguish between fake and real video, fake and real photographs, etc. Jamais Cascio. When faced with novel predatory phenomena, counter-forces emerge to balance or defeat them. Its how people choose to react and access to information and news thats important, not the mechanisms that distribute them., Charlie Firestone, executive director at the Aspen Institute Communications and Society Program, commented, In the future, tagging, labeling, peer recommendations, new literacies (media, digital) and similar methods will enable people to sift through information better to find and rely on factual information. Even among highly intelligent people, there is a significant growth in personal specialization in order to trim the boundaries of expected expertise to manageable levels. "ConnectSafely.org is a Silicon Valley, Calif.-based nonprofit organization dedicated to educating users of connected technology about safety, privacy, and security. National Conference of State Legislatures (updated periodically), (Note: The American Library Association does not endorse or recommend any internet filtering software. A lot of fake news is created by a few people, and removing their incentive could stop much of the news postings., Andrea Matwyshyn, a professor of law at Northeastern University who researches innovation and law, particularly information security, observed, Software liability law will finally begin to evolve. When I analyzed the two samples, I found similar SQL statements. D) It cannot explain the findings of the dichotic listening paradigm. Do we even know what those decisions are?, A professor and chair in a department of educational theory, policy and administration commented, Some of this work can be done in private markets. Content-based filtering. Which of the following would provide evidence against Broadbent's theory of attention? Chicago, IL: American Association of School Librarians (AASL) But some of these experts said the recent major successes by misinformation manipulators have created a threatening environment in which many in the public are encouraging platform providers and governments to expand surveillance. Tom Rosenstiel, When BBC Future Now interviewed a panel of 50 experts in early 2017 about the grand challenges we face in the 21st century many named the breakdown of trusted information sources. Low conflict leads to high performance. A share of these respondents urged action in two areas: A bolstering of the public-serving press and an expansive, comprehensive, ongoing information literacy education effort for people of all ages. Two rows in a. Theyll be part of the immune system. How to Filter Query Results in SQL - FutureLearn We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Most users just read the headline, comment and share without digesting the entire article or thinking critically about its content (if they read it at all).. C) Turning around and looking at the person in the library who just turned their music on full blast. Guidelines to provide public and school libraries with information about how to select, configure, manage, and assess content filters to minimize the negative effects on free inquiry and the privacy of library users. Medium conflict leads to high performance. It is a social condition, like crime, that you must constantly monitor and adjust to. Zbigniew ukasiak, Alex Sandy Pentland, member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the World Economic Forum, commented, We know how to dramatically improve the situation, based on studies of political and similar predictions. A) Controlled attention processes are slow, effortful, and consciously guide attention to objects of interest. B) If 25% of items are congruent, the participant will more quickly identify an incongruent item than another person whose task involves 75% congruency. Yes, of course. Trust in America: Do Americans trust the news media? By Nancy Kranich published in Library Administration & Management, Lester Asheim in Cyberspace: A Tribute to Sound Reasoning (2002) Information provided by the ALA Advocacy and Public Policy Office. Technological advancements and civil-awareness efforts will yield varied ways to continuously purge misinformation from it, to keep it reasonably reliable., An author and journalist based in North America said, I believe this era could spawn a new one a flight to quality in which time-starved citizens place high value on verified news sources., A professor of law at a major U.S. state university commented, Things wont get better until we realize that accurate news and information are a public good that require not-for-profit leadership and public subsidy., Marc Rotenberg, president of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, wrote, The problem with online news is structural: There are too few gatekeepers, and the internet business model does not sustain quality journalism. Which of the following is true of the Stroop Effect? A number said information platform corporations such as Google and Facebook will begin to efficiently police the environment to embed moral and ethical thinking in the structure of their platforms. Algorithms weaponize rhetoric, making it easier and faster to influence people on a mass scale. A share of respondents said a lack of commonly shared knowledge leads many in society to doubt the reliability of everything, causing them to simply drop out of civic participation, depleting the number of active and informed citizens. Dealing with censorship challenges at your library or need to get prepared for them? There is and will be space for misinformation. Siva Vaidhyanathan, professor of media studies and director of the Center for Media and Citizenship at the University of Virginia, wrote, There are no technological solutions that correct for the dominance of Facebook and Google in our lives. What kind of communication error did Sally make? ", Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights, Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights(2015). To get to the SQL statements, I simply scroll down on the ABAP Statistics Record Screen to the SQL Statements section. D) Pitch. That means the continuing bifurcation of haves and have-nots, when it comes to trusted news and information., An anonymous editor and publisher commented, Sadly, many Americans will not pay attention to ANY content from existing or evolving sources. Many respondents noted that while the digital age has amplified countless information sources it has hurt the reach and influence of the traditional news organizations. The information environment will NOT improve In the next 10 years, on balance, the information environment will NOT BE improved by changes designed to reduce the spread of lies and other misinformation online. Issues of trustable information are certainly important, especially since the technological intelligentsia command a number of tools to combat untrustable info. Many respondents who hope for improvement in the information environment mentioned ways in which new technological solutions might be implemented. I suspect this will play out differently in different parts of the world., Clay Shirky, vice provost for educational technology at New York University, replied, News is not a stable category it is a social bargain. When " is not any of " condition is selected, the filter will be TRUE when none of the values identified is included for a particular record. She wrote: Its encouraging to see some of the big platforms beginning to deploy internet solutions to some of the issues around online extremism, violence and fake news. Some respondents predicted that a larger digital divide will form. What barrier is facing Martin in this scenario? A ________ is a persistent conversation between different programs on different computers. To stop that requires high surveillance which means government oversight which has its own incentives not to tell the truth., Tom Valovic, contributor to The Technoskeptic magazine and author of Digital Mythologies, said encouraging platforms to exercise algorithmic controls is not optimal. They note that the publics move away from more-traditional mainstream news outlets, which had some ethical standards, to consumption of social newsfeeds has weakened mainstream media organizations, making them lower-budget operations that have been forced to compete for attention by offering up clickbait headlines of their own. People who were more susceptible to . In fact, a share of the respondents predicted that the online information environment will not improve in the next decade because any requirement for authenticated identities would take away the publics highly valued free-speech rights and allow major powers to control the information environment. Many readers recognized it as entertainment, but not all. These respondents said the information environment cant be improved without more, well-staffed, financially stable, independent news organizations. It is profitable to do so, profit made by creating an article that causes enough outrage that advertising money will follow. D) Filtering enables a user to examine and analyze a subset of records. afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and marketing that product. See spam as an analog., Some predicted that digital distributed ledger technologies, known as blockchain, may provide some answers. Which of the following is NOT a task used to quantitatively measuring attention? During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept, QUESTION 31 Which of the following statements regarding techniques for making better decisions is accurate? But a pernicious harm of fake news is the doubt it sows about the reliability of all news. David Conrad, Paul N. Edwards, Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford University, commented, Many excellent methods will be developed to improve the information environment, but the history of online systems shows that bad actors can and will always find ways around them., Vian Bakir, professor in political communication and journalism at Bangor University in Wales, commented, It wont improve because of 1) the evolving nature of technology emergent media always catches out those who wish to control it, at least in the initial phase of emergence; 2) online social media and search engine business models favour misinformation spreading; 3) well-resourced propagandists exploit this mix., Many who expect things will not improve in the next decade said that white hat efforts will never keep up with black hat advances in information wars. They expect well-meaning actors will work together to find ways to enhance the information environment. It is a social condition, like crime, that you must constantly monitor and adjust to. Now, from the given options we can say that option A is correct because it matches the description we have above about Content based filtering. These resources are provided for those interested in learning more about the operation and effectiveness of filtering software. B) 50 objects including blue squares and yellow circles. Filtering can be applied to columns but not rows. B) Speed of speech They noted that misinformation and bad actors have always existed but have eventually been marginalized by smart people and processes. Following this wide-ranging set of comments is a much more expansive set of quotations directly tied to the five primary themes identified in this report. which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate?papa smurf tattoo And we have come to see the television news teams as representing divergent points of view, and, depending on your politics, the network that does not represent your views is guilty of fake news. It is hard to imagine a fair referee that would be universally trusted., Richard Lachmann, professor of sociology at the State University of New York at Albany, replied, Even though systems [that] flag unreliable information can and will be developed, internet users have to be willing to take advantage of those warnings. The process should encourage and allow users to ask for filtered websites and content to be unblocked, with minimal delay and due respect for user privacy. It seems unlikely that government can play a meaningful role as this referee. D) The number of items in the field does not affect the difficulty if the target item is the only one of that colour. I believe the outrage resulting from recent events will, on balance, lead to a net improvement, but viewed with hindsight, the improvement may be viewed as inadequate. These regulatory and legal options may not be politically possible to affect within the U.S., but they are certainly possible in Europe and elsewhere, especially if fake news is shown to have an impact on European elections., Sally Wentworth, vice president of global policy development at the Internet Society, warned against too much dependence upon information platform providers in shaping solutions to improve the information environment. James is experiencing, Jill is angry with Jack because he made a disparaging comment to another male, coworker about women during the team meeting. Some of these experts expect that such systems will act to identify perceived misbehaviors and label, block, filter or remove some online content and even ban some posters from further posting. Low conflict leads to high performance. By Bob Bocher with the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Library Internet Filtering Update (2012) Governments and organizations are major actors in this space., An anonymous respondent said, Actors can benefit socially, economically, politically by manipulating the information environment. At the top of a comments section, there is a drop down menu with these choices. Americans worry about that: A Pew Research Centerstudy conducted just after the 2016 election found 64% of adults believe fake news stories cause a great deal of confusion and 23% said they had shared fabricated political stories themselves sometimes by mistake and sometimes intentionally. Controlling the spread of misinformation There were also those among these expert respondents who said inequities, perceived and real, are at the root of much of the misinformation being produced. Scott Shamp, a dean at Florida State University, commented, Too many groups gain power through the proliferation of inaccurate or misleading information. Jason Hong, A number of respondents referred to this as an arms race. David Sarokin of Sarokin Consulting and author of Missed Information, said, There will be an arms race between reliable and unreliable information. And David Conrad, a chief technology officer, replied, In the arms race between those who want to falsify information and those who want to produce accurate information, the former will always have an advantage., Jim Hendler, professor of computing sciences at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, commented, The information environment will continue to change but the pressures of politics, advertising and stock-return-based capitalism rewards those who find ways to manipulate the system, so it will be a constant battle between those aiming for objectiveness and those trying to manipulate the system., John Markoff, retired journalist and former technology reporter for The New York Times, said, I am extremely skeptical about improvements related to verification without a solution to the challenge of anonymity on the internet. A) It assumes attended information is enhanced, while unattended information is not. A. are the most complex type of firewall B. seldom examine the data or the addresses of the message C. can filter both inbound and outbound traffic D. examine the destination address but not the source address E. can examine the contents of VPN packets 26) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to manage the listener's reactions . Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. 3) A few trusted sources will continue to dominate the internet., Irene Wu, adjunct professor of communications, culture and technology at Georgetown University, said, Information will improve because people will learn better how to deal with masses of digital information. By Theresa Chmara with Freedom to Read Foundation, Why Recent Court Decisions Dont Change the Rules on Filtering (2012) Research demonstrates that filters consistently both over- and underblock the content they claim to filter. Related Groups, Organizations, Affiliates & Chapters, ALA Upcoming Annual Conferences & LibLearnX, Holding Space: A national conversation series with libraries, Technology Access and Assistive Technology, ALA and Affiliate Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Statements, Cultural Programming to Promote Diversity, Hateful Conduct in Libraries: Supporting Library Workers and Patrons, Libraries Respond: Combating Xenophobia and Fake News in light of COVID-19, Libraries Respond: Cyber-bullying and Doxxing, Libraries Respond: Immigrants, Refugees, and Asylum Seekers, Libraries Respond: National Day of Healing, Libraries Respond: Protecting and Supporting Transgender Staff and Patrons, Library Services for Patrons with Alzheimer's/Dementia, Library Services to the Incarcerated and Detained, ALA Statement on Censorship of Information Addressing Racial Injustice, Black American History, and Diversity Education, Poll: Voters Oppose Book Bans in Libraries, Interpretations of the Library Bill of Rights, Intellectual Freedom and Censorship Q & A, Meeting Rooms, Exhibit Spaces, and Programs, 3-D Printing in Libraries: Policies and Best Practices, American Association of School Librarians (AASL), Assn. The Future of Truth and Misinformation Online Market makers will increasingly incorporate security quality as a factor relevant to corporate valuation. B) The words themselves cannot be ignored. Propaganda and the desire to distort truth for political and other ends have always been with us and will adapt to any form of new media which allows open communication and information flows., Kenneth R. Fleischmann, associate professor at the School of Information at the University of Texas, Austin, wrote, Over time, the general trend is that a proliferation of information and communications technologies (ICTs) has led to a proliferation of opportunities for different viewpoints and perspectives, which has eroded the degree to which there is a common narrative indeed, in some ways, this parallels a trend away from monarchy toward more democratic societies that welcome a diversity of perspectives so I anticipate the range of perspectives to increase, rather than decrease, and for these perspectives to include not only opinions but also facts, which are inherently reductionist and can easily be manipulated to suit the perspective of the author, following the old aphorism about statistics Mark Twain attributed to Benjamin Disraeli [There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies and statistics.], which originally referred to experts more generally., Paul Saffo, longtime Silicon-Valley-based technology forecaster, commented, The information crisis happened in the shadows. Which of the following highlights the relevance of contextual cuing? An anonymous business leader argued, It is too easy to create fake facts, too labor-intensive to check and too easy to fool checking algorithms. And this response of an anonymous research scientist based in North America echoed the view of many participants in this canvassing: We will develop technologies to help identify false and distorted information, BUT they wont be good enough., In the arms race between those who want to falsify information and those who want to produce accurate information, the former will always have an advantage. Two rows in a cell range can be sorted independently. In other words, if theres a will, theres way.. Like email spam, this problem can never entirely be eliminated, but it can be managed., Sandro Hawke, technical staff at the World Wide Web Consortium, predicted, Things are going to get worse before they get better, but humans have the basic tools to solve this problem, so chances are good that we will. Low Interaction. Irresponsibility Social. Some chose to have their names connected to their answers; others opted to respond anonymously. These people will drop out of the normal flow of information. By Deborah Caldwell Stone published in American Libraries, Minors' First Amendment Rights: CIPA and School Libraries (2010) Which of the following would result in the fastest visual search time amongst an array consisting of green and red B's and green, blue, and red D's? Donald Trumps repeated fake news smears of The New York Times, Washington Post, etc., are among his most destructive non-truths., Susan Etlinger, industry analyst at Altimeter Research, said, There are two main dynamics at play: One is the increasing sophistication and availability of machine learning algorithms and the other is human nature. Patrick Lambe, principal consultant at Straits Knowledge, commented, All largescale human systems are adaptive. Online information more generally has an almost limitless diversity of sources, with varied credibility. Which model of attention is best supported by research findings and why? The proliferation of sources will increase the number of people who dont know who or what they trust. There has been a tremendous insertion of complex systems into many aspects of how we live in the decades since World War II, fueled by a tremendous growth in knowledge in general. D) 50 objects including blue triangles and red circles. Producers have an easy publishing platform to reach wide audiences and those audiences are flocking to the sources. Appendix A Answers to Assessment Questions | Part Two - The Content-based filtering is defined as a type of recommender system that attempts to guess what a user may like based on that user's activity. O Sorting can be applied to rows but not columns. We will probably have to evolve both new social norms as well as regulatory mechanisms if we want to maintain online environment as a source of information that many people can rely on., Stowe Boyd, futurist, publisher and editor-in-chief of Work Futures, said, The rapid rise of AI will lead to a Cambrian explosion of techniques to monitor the web and non-web media sources and social networks and rapidly identifying and tagging fake and misleading content., Jeff Jarvis, professor at the City University of New Yorks Graduate School of Journalism, commented, Reasons for hope: Much attention is being directed at manipulation and disinformation; the platforms may begin to recognize and favor quality; and we are still at the early stage of negotiating norms and mores around responsible civil conversation.