In the May election, the SdP won more than 60% of the Sudeten German vote. For geographical reasons, however, a territorial solution would have been impossible unless those regions, together with Austria, had been incorporated into Germany. Krmer was an occupational surname given to a shopkeeper or trader. Its a derivative of the Middle German krm, meaning trading post or booth. The Krmer of the Middle Ages was likely a traveling merchant selling pretty things for all to buy. They sought agreement with the Czechoslovak government on a policy that could withstand the Nazi onslaught from within and from outside Czechoslovakia. The common names Schmidt and Schmitz lead in the central German-speaking and eastern Low German-speaking areas. Schulte derives from the Middle German schulthete, meaning village headman. A Schulte in Northwestern Germany is the steward of a large farm. Its an old surname existing in various territories, eventually becoming part of modern-day Germany. 100 Meaningful Russian Female Names (for Your Little Princess), 100 Powerful Russian Names For Boys (With History), 100 Unique Dutch Family Names (Using Places, People, & History), 100 Famous British Last Names (To Strike Your Fancy), 100 Famous Roman Last Names (From Classical to Mythical), 100 Meaningful Polish Last Names (Both Classic & Unique), 105 Beautiful Asian Boy Names (From Traditional to Cool), 100 Top Irish Last Names (From Ancient to Unusual), 100 Best Middle Names (From Modern to Traditional), 105 Amazing International Boy Names (With Unique Origins), 104 Elegant Danish Girl Names (With Traditional Roots), 100 Popular Muslim Boy Names (For Devoted Little Boys), 105 Popular Scottish Female Names (For Your Gaelic Girl), 105 Top Celtic Girl Names (With Meanings), 105 Beautiful Maori Names (With Meanings). Bauer began as a nickname meaning neighbor or fellow citizen. Its taken from the Low German br, meaning an occupant of a small dwelling or building. You may know Jack Bauer best, the main character of the action TV series 24. Since 1977, a man can choose to adopt his wifes surname. [9], The term "Sudeten Germans" (Sudetendeutsche) came about during rising ethnic nationalism in the early 20th century, after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the First World War. Already in 1936, Jaksch, together with Hans Schtz of the German Christian Social People's Party (Deutsche Christlich-Soziale Volkspartei) and Gustav Hacker of the Farmers' Association (Bund der Landwirte, formed the Jungaktivisten (Young Activists). I sent him an email and hit the jackpot, it . Its also an occupational name using zelle, meaning small workshop for someone who worked in one. It also means the son of Dahm, a Germanic nickname for Adam. Why so many? Its also Norman French when based on vassal. Vasel also means young nobleman for the bravest of families. The German Agrarians, Christian Socialists and Social Democrats each lost approximately half of their followers. Bach was originally a name for a person who lived by a stream. It derives from the High German bach, meaning stream. Despite Bach being a German composer, Bach is found in places like Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and Croatia. In pre-Hussite times they produced amazing works of vitreous art near Daubitz, nowadays . It referred to several places called Lichtenberg in both Germany and the Netherlands. One day after the proclamation of the Republic of Czechoslovakia, on 29 October 1918, the Province of German Bohemia was formed with its capital in Reichenberg. NameCensus.com, The Political Graveyard: Alphabetical Name Index. Khler was a surname for people who manufactured charcoal for a living. There are many energetic and industrious fellow researchers who add greatly to our knowledge and understanding of our legacy. Understand it all by viewing our, Family Crest Download (JPG) Heritage Series - 600 DPI, Family Crests and Genealogy: how they relate, http://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html, Contemporary Notables of the name Gearhart (post 1700), Ch. Weber is a German occupation surname for a webster or weaver. It uses weben, a verb meaning to weave. Weber often appears as Webber in the English version. Berger was a name for a person who lived in the mountains or hills and was based on the root Berg, meaning hill. Berger is one of the more common German surnames on our list and ranked 881st in the U.S. in 2010. 50 German Baby Names: Meanings & Origins - Verywell Family In 1864, some Germans suggested the creation of a separate Czech university. Bartel is based on the personal name Bertwald and may appear as a short form of the name. Walberg means falcon hill or falcon mountain in Old Norse. If they instead combine the two names, it becomes a single surname that their children can then use. During this early period, notable bearers of the name Gearhart included Johann Gerhard (1582-1637), the most famous Lutheran theologian of the time; Daniel Gerdes (1698-1765), German Calvinist theologian and historian Another 30 words (2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Gearhart Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. It appears as Frederick in English. 50 German Last Names With Meanings | parade immigrants by date of ship arrival All known immigrants from DUSEJOV by date of ship arrivalAll known immigrants from OPATOV by date of ship arrivalAll known immigrants from NOVY RYCHNOV by date of ship arrivalAll IMMIGRANTS by date of ship arrivalAll EMIGRANTS by date of ship departure from HamburgAll Birth - Marriage - Death records found in the CZECH ARCHIVES. Wymarc - (Anglo-Saxon Origin) means 'mouth of the River Wey.' Royal Medieval Surnames 69. Lindt comes from the German lind, meaning gentle-hearted. It may have sprung from Lindemuth, but it is best known today for the famous Swiss chocolate company. The area that became known as the Sudetenland possessed chemical works and lignite mines as well as textile, china, and glass factories. If you would like any photographs, please email me and I can send you a good quality jpg or tiff file. In 1935, the Sudeten German Home Front became the Sudeten German Party (Sudetendeutsche Partei) (SdP) and embarked on an active propaganda campaign. Polish names in Germany abound as a result of over 100,000 people (including 130,000 "Ruhrpolen") immigrating westward from the Polish-speaking areas of the German Empire. Handschuh was given to a person who wore gloves or someone who made or sold them. Hartmann also means descendant of Hartmann or strong man. The German hart means hardy or tough, making it the best among German last names for boys who are strong. I had also met with James Vopal, Elmer Vopal, Hildegarde Vopal, Sally Vopal and Katy J. Vopal; and I had phone conversations with George Vopal and Gladys Vopal; to discuss and share family history. Several Czechoslovak statesmen encouraged such expulsions with polemical speeches. It may refer to a person who lived through the forest or whose job was to direct people. She loves cooking, baking, hiking, and horror films, as well as running a local baking business in Brooklyn with her boyfriend. [citation needed]. Defining events later in German Bohemian history were the Hussite Wars, the occupation of Bohemia by the Czech Brethren, the Thirty Years' War, when the Lands of the Bohemian Crown were severely affected, which caused the immigration of further German settlers. 41. To contact the webmaster, Susan Chapman, please send an email. We look forward to hearing from you. Koch originated with the Latin coquus, meaning the art of cookery. It was an occupational surname for a cook or the head of a noblemans kitchen. Smlouva mezi esko-Slovenskou republikou a Nmeckou o otzkch sttnho obanstv a opce, law no. The Munich Agreement, signed September 29 by Britain, France, Germany and Italy and negotiated without Czechoslovak participation, only confirmed that decision and the negotiated details. The Bohemian border with Bavaria was inhabited primarily by Germans. [16], A symbol of the rising tensions was the fate of Charles University, then called Charles-Ferdinand University. The noble Von Blow family comes from the Mecklenburg area. Origin: German, French Meaning: Shepherd Pronunciation: BUHR-ger Variations: Barger Namesakes: scar Berger, the President of Guatemala from 2004 to 2008. ALTMANN AMBROSE ANTON ARBES AUGUSTIN BARR BAIER BARTH BARTL BASHAL BAUER BAUMANN BAUMEISTER BAUMEL BECK BERANEK BERDAN BERLE BEYER BIEBEL BIER BORTH BRAULICK BRAUN BRAUNREITER BREI BREU BREY BRIX BRUCKBAUER BRUNNER BUCHL BURINGER BUSHARD DAUBEN DAUER DEBART DIEDRICK DIETL DIETRICH DIETZ DITTRICH DOMEIER DRESCHLER DREXLER EBENHOH EBERL EBERT ECKERT ECKSTEIN EISEN FAAS FAST FELBER FINK FISCHER FLECK FLEISSNER FLOETL FLOR FORST FORSTER FORSTNER FORTWENGLER FRANDON FRANK FRANTA FRODEL FUCHS GABRIEL GAG GIEBISCH GITTER GLEISNER GOBLIRSCH GRAU GRAUSAM GREIM GRIEBEL GROEBNER GROSSMANN GRUBER GRUENER GRUNERT GUENDNER GUETTER GULDAN GULDEN GUTTUM HAALA HAAS HACKER HAEBERLE HAMMERSCHMIDT HARRICOT HARTMANN HAUSER HEGER HEGLER HEINL HELD HELGERT HELGET HELLER HERBECK HERLICK HERRIAN HILSMASIK HOECHERL HOFFMAN HOFFMANN HOFMEISTER HOGEN HOLL HOLM HORNICK HOSTELKA JANNI JUNGBAUER KACHELMEIER KAGERMEIER KAHS KALB KALZ KAMM KARL KASS KASTNER KECK KECKHESEN KECKSTEIN KEIM KESTNER KIEFNER KITZBERGER KELMENT KLOECKL KNOEDL KOBER KOENIG KOESTER KOHOUT KOKESCH KOLB KOPP KOREIS KOSEK KOWASCH KRAL KRAUS KRAUSEN KRETSCH KRIPPNER KROY KRZMARZICK KUBITZKA KUEHN KUNZ KUSCH LANDSTEINER LANENDORFER LANG LANDKAMMER LEIMINGER LEITSCHUH LESSER LIEB LIEBL LIEDEL LILLA LINDEMANN LINDMEIER LINDMEYER LIPPERT LOCKWAY LOESCH LOSLEBEN LOSSER LUCAS MACHO MACK MAGES MAHALL MAIDL MAINGLER MARKA MARSCHALEK, MARTINKA MARZ MATHIOWETZ MATSCH MATTES MAUCH MAYER MEIDL MEYER MILLER MOLDAN MOLDASCHEI MUELLER NAMER NEID NEIDECKER NEUBAUER NEUDECKER NEUMANN NEUWIRTH NOVAK OTT PAA PANKRATZ PANY PASCHER PECHTEL PELZEL PLEZL PENKERT PETERL PEUZER PILLMEYER PLENIGER POLTA PORTNER PRECKNER PREGLER PROKOSCH PROSEK RASCHKA REIBER REICHERT REIGER REIM REINARTS REINIGER REITTER REMIGER RENNER REWITZER REZNICH RICHTER RIEBL RIES ROHNER ROIGER ROITH ROSCHKO ROTHMEIER ROTHMEYER RUBEY RUBIE SACKL SAFFERT SAICKL SAMPEL SANDHOEFNER SCHAEFFER SCHALLER SCHATSCKO SCHENK SCHIEFFERT SCHILLER SCHLEICHER SCHLOEGEL SCHLUCK SCHMALTZ SCHMAUS SCHMID, SCHMIDT SCHNEIDER SCHNOBRICH SCHOTTENBAUER SCHROEDER SCHROEPFER SCHUBERT SCHUELER SCHUEMANN SCHUMACKER SCHWAB SCHWINGHAMMER SEIDL SEIFERT SEITZ SELLNER SELMER SERBUS SIEBENBRENNER SIMMET SIMON SINGER SITTAUER SMASAL SORER SOUKUP SPERL SPRENGER STADICK STADTHERR STEFFEL STEFFL STEINBACH STEINER STELZER STELZNER STODERL STOEHR STOERL STOLTE STOLTZ STRAKA STROHMER STUEBER STURM SUESS TAUBER TAUER TEYNOR TIETEL TRAURIG TRAXLER UBL VOGEL WAGNER WAIEBEL WALLENTA WALTER WARTA WARTHA WEBER WECH WELTSCH WENDINGER WENNINGER WIEDL WEIER WIESNER WILD WILFAHRT WILLINGER WILT WILTCHECK WINDSCHITL WITT WOLF WORATSCHKA WURMSTEIN WURTZBERER ZANDER ZANGEL ZEIG ZEUG ZIEGLER ZISCHKA ZUPFER ZWACH, German Bohemian Heritage Societys 2023 Open House. In the months directly following the end of the war, "wild" expulsions happened from May until August 1945. Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. [42], Even the German-speaking Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague could not escape expulsion. The ending of Czech surnames differs slightly based on gender. [13] On the other hand, the 18th-century Silesian Wars started by Prussian King Frederick II of Prussia against Austria resulted in the loss of the traditionally-Bohemian crown land and weakened Germans in the remaining parts of Bohemia. Schmidt and Schmitz are nearly as popular in some areas of the country. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. German Bohemians and German Moravians), later known as Sudeten Germans, were ethnic Germans living in the Czech lands of the Bohemian Crown, which later became an integral part of Czechoslovakia. Czech surnames | Vita Brevis Fuchs derives from the Old German vuhs, meaning fox. It was a nickname for someone as sly as a fox or someone with red hair. German Bohemians (German: Deutschbhmen und Deutschmhrer, i.e. Due to the historical settlement of Slavs, Slavic names are most common in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (especially in Lusatia, where Sorbs continue to reside today). 200105. After the death of King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia in the 1526 Battle of Mohcs, the Habsburg Archduke Ferdinand of Austria became King of Bohemia, which became a constituent state of the Habsburg monarchy. For more parenting tips and tricks, find us on Pinterest: Are you a writer, expert, or influencer? German Bohemians Wisconsin Its an occupational surname originally given to those who worked at a mill. After the Second World War, most of the German-speaking population (mostly Roman Catholic with relatively few Protestants) was expelled from Czechoslovakia to Germany and Austria. On 30 January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany. By 1863, out of 187 lecture courses, 22 were held in Czech, the remainder being in German. Engel was a name used for those whose house had the sign of an engle. Henlein, however, maintained secret contact with Nazi Germany and received material aid from Berlin, which told him to refuse every concession offered by Czechoslovakia. Maryana Vestic is a Brooklyn-based writer, editor, and food photographer with a background in entertainment Business Affairs. Although the Social Democrats continued to champion democratic freedoms, the masses supported the SdP. Zimmermann is the 20th most popular surname in Germany. Bhm was a German name given to people who originally came from Bohemia, also known as the home of the Boii. The Bohemia region is found in the western part of the modern-day Czech Republic. Beran Czech Derived from Czech beran meaning "ram, male sheep". The judiciary for German Bohemia was based in Reichenberg, and Vienna was responsible for the other German regions. A cantor is a person who leads people in singing or sometimes in prayer, so theres a cool tradition behind it. Surname Index | Germanbohemians Almost all the Germans in these Czech territories were subsequently granted German citizenship,[37] while most of the Germans in Slovakia obtained citizenship of the Slovak state. This page was last edited on 14 March 2023, at 06:24. [15], In 1867, the equality of Austrian citizens of all ethnicities was guaranteed by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which enshrined the principles of constitutional monarchy. If Henlein's demands had been granted, the Sudetenland would have been in a position to align itself with Nazi Germany. It comes from shaffen, meaning steward or bailiff, but mostly refers to shepherds in the field. REPORTS - complete list See "Reports" for various interactive reports, including: CZECH organizations and research centers around Milwaukee, Wisconsin About the Webmaster, Susan Chapman; and other RESEARCHERS TIMELINE EVENTS All known VOPALENSKY or VOPAL immigrants by date of ship arrivalAll known PIEMEISEL or PIEMEISL immigrants by date of ship arrival All known DUBA immigrants by date of ship arrival All known FORMAN immigrants by date of ship arrival All known VASICEK or WASICEK, etc. Get in touch! As the political situation worsened, the security in Sudetenland deteriorated. The Sudetenland possessed huge chemical works and lignite mines as well as textile, china, and glass factories. Egger, (German origin) these surnames mean "plowman or farmer". Some 250,000 Germans remained on the Czech side of the border, which later became part of the Reich by the establishment of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia under German governors and the German Army. Czech Surnames - Behind the Name WBG.2010. We hope that this website will become a place for sharing information. Jung was often given to the younger of two family members with the same name, like a father and son. Electoral officials were very careful to demarcate areas as clearly either German or Czech and to assure that there would be no conflict as to which ethnicity had a majority in any constituency. To my cousins: I am still learning about how to scan photos correctly. This is the legacy that our forefathers brought with them when they emigrated from the German Bohemian lands. Name translations, First names and Czechoslovakian/Bohemian Names Schmidt was an occupational surname based on the German schmied, meaning metalworker. Its English equivalent is Smith, but Schmidt still ranked 185th in the U.S. in 2010. Rarer names tend to accumulate in the north and south. Our German Bohemian Legacy | Germanbohemians In America, the Bhmisch usually clustered in German Catholic parishes. Stefanie is an experienced parenting writer and has published works in other publications such as Motherly. Huber is common in southern Bavaria and is, with the exception of Munich, the most frequent name in that area. On 1 October 1933, Konrad Henlein with his deputy, Karl Hermann Frank, aided by other members of the Kameradschaftsbund, a youth organization of mystical orientation, created a new political organisation. Western powers tried to calm down the situation and forced Czechoslovakia to comply with most of the Carlsbad Decrees. Becker, like Bakker, was a German occupational name for a baker. A Becker might bake bread or clay bricks. The term "Bukovina-German" refers to German Swabian, Bohemian, and Zipser emigrants who settled in Bukovina, a southeastern region of Austria-Hugary about two hundred years ago. The Upper Palatine Forest, which extends along the Bavarian frontier and into the agricultural areas of southern Bohemia, was an area of German settlement. A Czech immigrant could be called that by his Polish community, you see ;-p OK then: German: Szulc, Krause, Handtke, Miller, Szmyt, Braiter, Toeplitz. Always seek the advice of your physician or qualified health provider. Nevertheless, during the second half of the 19th century, Czechs and Germans began to create separate cultural, educational, political and economic institutions, which kept both groups semi-isolated from each other, which continued until the end of the Second World War, when almost all the ethnic Germans were expelled. We won't send you spam. Hermann was first the personal name Herman. The English variation is Young, while the Chinese is Chong, which may be why its popular in several Asian countries. Save the image to your computer and use it as you work with old Germanic records. Britain and France then pressured the Czechoslovak government into ceding the Sudetenland to Germany on 21 September. Another 101 words (7 lines of text) covering the years 1629, 1582, 1637, 1698, 1765, 1726, 1736, 1607 and 1676 are included under the topic Early Gearhart History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. The new state regarded ethnic Germans as an ethnic minority. ; and related families. German Bohemia in the Eagle Mountains and in the area of Landskron merged with the so-called "Province of the Sudetenland", which had radically different borders than the later understanding of the term. Another early naming convention for last names was based on physical appearances and personalities. Anja Origin: Russian, German Meaning: Gracious, merciful Alternative Spellings & Variations: Anya, Anna, Anne, Aine, Anje, Ania Famous Namesakes: German mountaineer Anja Blacha, Danish charity worker Anja Ringgren Lovn Few of the latter are on the following list, but examples include Brinkmann, Berger, and Frank. Walberg is made up of the German wald, meaning rule and burg, meaning fortress. It also referred to a place called Wallberg. (At the time, one in three was unemployed in the Sudetenland, compared to one in five in the rest of the country.) . THE ORIGIN OF CZECH/BOHEMIAN SURNAMES . In elections held on 4 December 1938, 97.32% of the adult population in Sudetenland voted for the NSDAP (most of the rest were Czechs who were allowed to vote as well). Wofl is one of many German compound names using wolf. It may have pointed to a home with the sign of a wolf. Ludwig was first a personal name made up of the German hld, meaning famous and wg, meaning war. As a first name, its known for Ludwig von Beethoven but is also quite common as a German surname today. Other than meaning small, Klein has origins in Germany, the Netherlands, and Afrikaans culture. The name "Sudeten Germans" was adopted during rising nationalism after the fall of Austria-Hungary after the First World War. Nevertheless, some 90 percent lived in territories in which they represented 90 percent or more of the population. Keller is the German word for basement, but it may also refer to a winemaker. The Latin cellarius was the person who kept the wine cellar or storage chamber organized in a home. Its also a shorter form of the personal name Engelbert or Engelhard and a nickname for someone with an angelic personality. Both German Bohemians and Czechs were hoping for a constitutional solution to the demands, but Czech nationalist views remained a constant part of the Bohemian political sphere. To the west, a triangle of historic ethnic German settlement surrounding Eger was the most active area for pan-German nationalism. Individuals were usually seen as Bohemians, Moravians or Silesians. Czech officials and Czech police, speaking little or no German, were appointed in large numbers to purely German districts; Czech agricultural colonists were encouraged to settle on land confiscated under the Land Reform in the middle of German populations; for the children of these Czech invaders Czech schools were built on a large scale; there is a very general belief that Czech firms were favoured as against German firms in the allocation of State contracts and that the State provided work and relief for Czechs more readily than for Germans. 120 Medieval Last Names For Your World Building | Kidadl Nacht comes from the Middle German naht, meaning night. It may have been a nickname for a night watchman and was used by Jewish families as well. Unsubscribe at any time. The German krs also means crinkly among German girl last names of families known for their ringlets of hair. In 2014, I published a book about my father's Bohemian/German ancestry, wherein the primary Bohemian surname being researched was Blek from the 1650s until my GG Grandfather immigrated to America with his father and three brothers in 1867. Ziegler was a name for someone who worked as a tiler. The High German ziegel means roof tile, while ziegelbrenner means brick maker. Ziegler is popular in southwest Germany, with a sizable Roman building tradition. Braun was once a nickname based on the literal German word braun, for brown. It was given to people to reflect things like their hair color, complexion, or clothing. This one means acorn and uses the German suffix -er in the original Eichler, meaning son of.. Adamcik Adamec Adamek Ales Alexa Ambroz Andel Andera Anderle Andrasko Apel Artim Baar Baba Babik Babinec Baka Bakalar Baksa Balan Balek Bales Baloun Balusek Bambenek Barak Bardon Bares Barkus Baros Bartak Bartik Bartunek Bartus Bartusek Bastyr Bata Becvar Bednar Bednarik Belan Belin Belinsky Belka Bena Benak Bendik Benes Benik Beran Beranek Bercik Jonke is based on the Middle German junk, meaning young. Its also a diminutive of the first name Johann, for John. [7] In the German language, it is more common to distinguish among the three lands, hence the prominent terms Deutschbhmen (German Bohemians), Deutschmhrer (German Moravians) and Deutschschlesier (German Silesians). Vormerlker is an odd German surname meaning pre-milker. It uses the German melker, meaning milker. Vormelker is probably an occupational name for someone who preps the cow for milking! 39.Eguia, (Spanish origin) the last name is of the Basque origin and is assumed to mean "the truth". Old German Script Transcriber (alte deutsche Handschriften): See your family names in the script of the era. [2] Ethnic Germans migrated into the Kingdom of Bohemia, an electoral territory of the Holy Roman Empire, from the 11th century, mostly in the border regions of what was later called the "Sudetenland", which was named after the Sudeten Mountains.[3]. As these terms were heavily used by the Nazi German regime to push forward the creation of a Greater Germanic Reich, many contemporary Germans avoid them in favour of the traditional names.[10]. This educational content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Dutch Meerten Institute confirms name origin. Surnames - German Bohemian Heritage Society It later became more prominent as many branches of the same house acquired distant estates, some in foreign countries, always elevating their social status by their great contributions to society. Schreiber is based on the High German schrben, meaning to write. Its another word for a writer that also translates to the Hebrew Soffer, meaning scribe., Schroeder was originally a name for a tailor who cut cloth. It also means drayman in Northern Germany, meaning a person who delivered beer and wine.. Schubert was another name for a shoemaker or cobbler. Heinrich was first a personal name composed of the German heim, meaning home, and rc, meaning power. As the German version of Henry, Heinrich was the most popular first name during the Middle Ages. Crossroads Resource Center - History of German-Bohemian Emigration to Family Education is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational reference sites for parents, teachers, and students. Its also a Jewish surname with the same nutty meaning as its German and Dutch counterparts. The mass demonstrations were put down by the Czech military, involving 54 deaths and 84 wounded.[23]. Mller refers to someone who is a miller for a living. This is a similar method in many other countries. Huber originated from the German huober, meaning owner of a patch of farmland. A hube specifically referred to 40 acres of farmland. While some surnames such as Israel, Cohen, and Levi are purely Jewish, some are of German, Russian, or Polish origin. German last names are traditionally passed down from the fathers side of the family. Germany Personal Names FamilySearch Before 1945, over three million German Bohemians constituted[1] about 23% of the population of the whole country and about 29.5% of the population of Bohemia and Moravia.