Moreover, Hitler won more seats in 1932 (in either election) than any prior party had. APSA Hindenburg The 1932 German presidential elections were held on 13 March (first round) and 10 April (second round run-off). [1] They were the second and final direct elections to the office of President of the Reich ( Reichsprsident ), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. Wer hilft? Two men put up a poster calling on people to vote for Hitler in the presidential election. The presidential election was important because it showed how popular Hitler was. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. On May 29 he dismissed his intercessor Chancellor Brning and appointed Franz von Papen, a declared anti-democrat, his successor. Clever Lili is here to help you ace your exams. The Democratic Parties, united under a single banner, drive through the streets of Germany trying to rally the people to keep the fascists and the communists out. Although Hitler lost the presidential election of 1932, he achieved his goals, when he was appointed chancellor on 30 January 1933. He therefore arranged the formation of a "Hindenburg committee" chaired by the Berlin mayor Heinrich Sahm, publishing a declaration of support to Hindenburg as the candidate of national unity and German Volksgemeinschaft. Presidential Elections, 1932 - GCSE History President Paul von Hindenburg appointed a minority government, headed by the Centre Party's Heinrich Brning, which could only govern by using Hindenburg's emergency powers. Adolf Hitler speaks to a crowd, outlining his vision of a fascist Germany and trying to sway voters. Boston House, election This election was important, first, because the Weimar constitutional system was threatened, and secondly, because the threatening force, Hitlerism, if victorious, not only presaged a profound change in the existing form of government in Germany, but might have been the prelude to internal strife, affecting the financial stake of the world in Germany, and possibly endangering international peace. 3 As disclosed in an article by Mller, Johannes, Protestant pastor in Leipzig, entitled, Die Evangelischen und der Staat, Frankfurter Zeitung, April 8, 1932Google Scholar. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Nazi Party NSDAP. So, the election was repeated, and the Nazis redoubled their efforts to win. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=German_presidential_election,_1932&oldid=3667221, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Hitler's results were a great disappointment to him, nevertheless the Nazi Party recorded further gains compared with the 1930 Reichstag election. He then made a common cause with Hitler, persuading President Hindenburg to appoint Hitler chancellor and himself vice-chancellor. It's a dark, outside academe in government, research, organizations, consulting firms, the WebRM HP9DJW women to vote,Reichstag election,National Socialist Germany in 1932 RM 2G0PBGR A vintage Nazi election poster from 1932 saying Work and Bread through National Socialism RM BA5PXX Wahlt Sozialdemokraten 1932 poster to vote Social Democrat The People Are Dying Under This System of Nazi government The first round was in March, but as no candidate won 50% of the vote there was a second round in April. Hitler's Anti-Semitic Speeches For The Nazi Party People came out in droves and cast their votes to give the Reichstag to the Nazis and they really believed that they were making the right choice. The following 38 files are in this category, out of 38 total. WebIn the presidential elections of 1932, Nazi propagandists appealed to Germans left unemployed and destitute by the Great Depressionwith an offer of a savior. hasContentIssue false, Copyright American Political Science Association 1932, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Nazi Party poster with photographs of 20 men supporting Hitler or Hindenburg in the 1932 presidential election. The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to This was the second and final direct election to the office of President of the Reich (Reichsprsident), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. Newly-appointed Chancellor Adolf Hitler, at the window of the Chancellery, waves at his supporters. Unsere letzte Hoffnung ist Adolf Hitler; Das letzte Stck Brot raubt ihnen der Kapitalismus, whlt Thlmann; Schluss jetzt mit Hitlers Volksverhetzung, whlt Hindenburg; Entscheidet die Zukunft eurer Kinder; Haltet ein mit der Deutschen Selbstzerfleischung, wahlt Hindenburg; Ein Mann gegen Parteikadaver und InteressenhaufenHitler (forbidden); Landvolk in Not. 17 Frankfurter Zeitung, April 12, 1932, p. 2Google Scholar. LS23 6AD The elections also saw the Nazi Party rise to national prominence,[2] gaining 95 seats. Under the electoral law, a candidate who received an absolute majority of votes (i.e. The problem was settled (in the second attempt) by Dietrich Klagges, Nazi state minister in Brunswick, when he appointed him a government official. The support of the moderate Weimar coalition was also encouraged by the fact that, contrary to fears expressed at the time of his election in 1925, Hindenburg had not used his office to subvert the constitution, as Hitler now aimed to do. Last chance to attend a Grade Booster cinema workshop before the exams. A man steps out of the polling station after casting his vote. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. He scored higher election results in traditional Social Democratic and Centre strongholds such as the Prussian Rhine Province or Saxony. The RFB, the Communist Party's equivalent to the Sturmabteilung, patrol the streets looking for Nazis to fight. The combined effect of these two influences resulted in a reversal of those who supported Hindenburg between the two elections. President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to stand against Hindenburg. In the first round of voting Hindenburg achieved 49.6% of the votes - just short of the required 50% to be determined the winner (Hitler won 30%). Papens policies failed on another front: His authoritarian rule alienated his supporters, and he too was forced to resign. File:1932 German President.svg Brning recognized that only a general support from the right would induce Hindenburg to announce his readiness for candidacy. Chancellor Heinrich Brning steps out of the polling station after casting his vote against Hitler. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Election poster 1932 Papen called an election in November after a vote of no confidence. 18 The Hindenburg parties were: the German People's party, Agricultural party, German Hannoverian party, People's party, Christian Socialists, Center party, Bavarian People's party, Farmers' League, Economic, Democratic, and Social Democratic parties. German Presidential Election (1932) | History | tutor2u Gesetz ber die Wahl des Reichsprsidenten, March 6, 1924, par. It took a fire in the Reichstag, the death of a president, and a night of executions to make the Nazis' power absolute but that power originated with the will of the people. Turbocharge your history revision with our revolutionary new app! WebWhat were the results of the presidential election of 1932? His major opponent in the election was Adolf Hitler of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). March 1932: Hindenburg, 18 million votes (49.6%); Hitler, 11 million votes (30%); Thlmann, 5 million votes (14%). The History Place - Rise of Hitler: Hitler Runs for President Others were supported by private or local aid. Backed by the Communist International, it was hoped that he would gain support from left-wing Social Democrats disgusted by Hindenburg's character. 4 Unemployment figures for March 31, 1932, were 6,031,000, of which 1,579,000 received regular unemployment insurance, 1,744,000 emergency aid. For a complete list, see Handbuch der Weltpresse (Carl Duncker, 1931)Google Scholar. The last election had been held in 1925. Then, in 1924, a war profiteering and corruption scandal in the German government between former Chancellor Gustav Bauer and the Jewish Barmat brothers merchants brought on a whole new wave of anti-Semitism and distrust in the government. In the first round of voting Hindenburg achieved 49.6% of the votes - just short of the required 50% to be determined the winner (Hitler won 30%). Election in Germany between Paul von Hindenburg and Adolf Hitler. Crowds come out to cast their ballots in the first round of the presidential election. When after World War II the modern office of German Federal President was established in 1949, following the restoration of democracy in West Germany, it was decided that the president would be chosen indirectly by means of a Federal Convention consisting of parliamentarians and state delegates. WebThe 1932 German presidential election was held on 13 March, with a runoff on 10 April. The liberal German People's Party and the German State Party also declared their support. The Social Democratic leaders Ernst Heilmann and Otto Braun (himself a candidate in the 1925 election) despite the initial resistance of the party's left wing, were able to launch a broad electoral campaign and received the support of the Iron Front alliance, including the democratic Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold association, the Free Trade Unions (ADGB, AfA-Bund) and the Arbeiter-Turn- und Sportbund organization. news media, and private enterprise. The Nazis made a mistake of marching with the Communists to support transport workers, thus alienating a lot of middle class voters. These figures do not, of course, have anything directly to do with campaign finances, but merely suggest the financial strength of one of the largest trade union federations in Germany, which in 1932 actively supported the Social Democratic party and the cause of Hindenburg. Summary Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. None (Papen remained as unelected Chancellor). 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. West Yorkshire, Independent incumbent Paul von Hindenburg won a second seven-year term against From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. In the first round of voting Hindenburg achieved 49.6% of the votes - just short of the required 50% to be determined the winner (Hitler won 30%). The Nazi Party fed upon this desperation. On April 13, 1932, President von Hindenburg issued a special decree abolishing these National Socialist organizations. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Hindenburg's reelection failed to prevent the NSDAP from assuming power. The threat of Hitler caused many on the left to support Hindenburg; at the same time, Hindenburg's failure to overturn the Weimar Republic had disappointed many of those who had supported him in 1925. Reddit - Dive into anything All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. We strive for accuracy and fairness. 14 According to the financial report of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund for the year 1930, the total income of all the affiliated trade unions amounted to 29,795,653.97 marks, of which 20,739,629.41 marks were derived from dues. Hitler's rage-filled ideas of racial superiority then started to seem more palatable to the people of Germany. The massive crowd of supporters that came out to see the Nazi Party leaders speak, seen from above. WebThe 1932 German presidential elections were held on 13 March (first round) and 10 April (second round run-off). WebThe 1932 German presidential election was held on 13 March, with a runoff on 10 April. Communist Party (KPD) leader Ernst Thlmann also ran and received more than five percent of the vote in the runoff. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Web1932 April - Presidential election. } Hindenburg was elected president by an outcome of 53%, while Hitler could significantly increase his results by more than two million votes compared to the first round obviously profiting from Duesterberg's retreat. 1932 German presidential election What did Germany do to the Rhineland? Kurt von Schleicher, the new Chancellor of Germany, takes one last look at the placards before casting his vote. Intimidation, and fear of the communists, brought Hitler a 90 percent majority. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. April 1932: Hindenburg, 19 million votes (53%); Hitler, 13 million votes (36%); Thlmann, 4 million votes (11%). Mnchner Stadtmuseum, Munich, Germany 2014.jpg, Nazi Party (NSDAP) election poster Germany 1932. Under the Weimar Republic, which had arisen from Germany's defeat in World War I, the presidency was a powerful office. Why was the presidential election of 1932 in Weimar Germany important? 10 Geschftsbericht des Deutschen Beamtenbundes (1930), p. 324Google Scholar. Presidential The NSDAP, whose members were known as "Nazis", had risen from being a fringe group to the second-largest party in the Reichstag. German presidential election, 1932 - INFOGALACTIC Talk Elections General Politics Individual Politics (Moderator: The Dowager Mod) 1932 German Presidential Election-First Round previous next Pages: [ 1] Author Topic: 1932 German Presidential Election-First Round (Read 1870 times) Pages: [ 1] previous next Jump to: May Brning resigned as Chancellor. Hitler came second to Hindenburg, who won 53 per cent of the vote to Hitlers 36.8 per cent. Adolf Hitler becomes president of Germany - History A party was permitted to nominate an alternative candidate in the second round, but in 1932 this did not occur (unlike 1925). A woman casts her vote in the election that would ultimately give power to the Nazis. Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag. Hitler had Rhm executed without trial, which encouraged the army and other reactionary forces within the country to urge Hitler to further consolidate his power by merging the presidency and the chancellorship. WebIn an April 1932 presidential run-off election, Hitler had received 37% of the vote. Papen's cabinet had almost no support in the Reichstag. On the far-right, the Harzburg Front collapsed, when the DNVP nominated the Stahlhelm leader Theodor Duesterberg as its own candidate. How Hitler became Chancellor, 1932-1933 - BBC Bitesize Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. A crowd of supporters swarm around Hitler's car. Foreign Governments and Politics: The German In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican partiesthe Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Centre Party and both liberal partiescollapsed. In 1932, German President Paul von Hindenburg, old, tired, and a bit senile, had won re-election as president but had lost a considerable portion of his Wahlgang der Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Reichsprsidentenwahl 1932 - 1. The National Socialist German Workers' Party headquarters courts voters by passing out balloons with tiny swastikas. They were voted in. German election 1932 [1] They were the second and final direct elections to the office of President of the Reich (Reichsprsident), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. preeminent political science journal in the United States and Von Papen resigned on November 17th 1932. WebIn the presidential election held on March 13, 1932, Hitler got over eleven million votes (11,339,446) or 30% of the total. President Paul He was now, for all intents and purposes, dictator. The elections resulted in significant gains by the Nazi Party; with 230 seats, it became the largest party in parliament for the first time, but lacked an overall majority. Results of the second round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. This November vote was the last democratic national election held in prewar Germany. Company Reg no: 04489574. 1 Presidential nominations may be made in one of two ways: by petitions signed by 20,000 eligible voters, or by a group or party proposal signed by only 20 voters, if such group or party has a representative in the Beichstag and received at least 500,000 votes at the last Reichstag election. The last election had been held in 1925. What happened in the presidential election in 1932? [2] In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican partiesthe Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Centre Party and both liberal partiescollapsed. Web"With him" - electoral poster from 1932 German presidential election. The authority of leadership The incumbent President, Paul von Hindenburg, first elected in 1925, was re-elected to a second seven-year term of office. English: Results of the second round of the 1932 election of the German Reich President, We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The results of the two rounds were: March 1932: Hindenburg, 18 million votes (49.6%); Hitler, 11 million votes (30%); Thlmann, 5 million votes (14%). personnel items of the profession as had its predecessor, 25 How impossible it is to determine exactly how the votes lost to the Communists, German Nationalists, and Winter were really distributed is shown clearly in an article Die Stimmen-Verschiebung in Das Tagebuch, April 16, 1932Google Scholar. Who were the candidates in the presidential election of 1932 in Germany? [3] Papen's minority government continued in office, leading to another early election in November. The Stahlhelm, which supported Duesterberg in the first election, took no official stand in the second. We choose Hinderburg is written in pseudo-Hebrew font and his supporters are men who brought shame on Germany with the Versailles Treaty, as well as years of social unrest and hyperinflation. Unused ballot with 5 candidates, including Hindenburg and Hitler, Led by Hitler, who exercised sole control over its policy and direction, its ideology combined extreme hostility towards the Weimar Republic with fervent antisemitism and German nationalism. The September 1930 elections produced a highly fragmented Reichstag, making the formation of a stable government impossible. Indeed, leftist splinter parties such as the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany and the Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund organization declared their support, as did intellectuals like Carl von Ossietzky. occupational endeavors. Brning's policies, implemented via presidential decree and tolerated by parliament, failed to solve the economic crisis and weakened the parliamentary system. Hindenburg had contempt for the Nazis lawlessness but ultimately agreed to oust his chancellor, Heinrich Bruning, for Franz von Papen, who was willing to appease the Nazis by lifting the ban on Hitlers Brown Shirts and unilaterally canceling Germanys reparation payments, imposed by the Treaty of Versailles at the close of World War I. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Although the Weimar Constitution had provided for a semi-presidential republic, structural weaknesses and political polarization had resulted in a paralyzed Reichstag and this combined with the Great Depression resulted in a government that had governed exclusively via presidential decrees since March 1930, giving the President much power. This page was last modified on 11 November 2015, at 00:18. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. German Presidential Election (1932 There were two presidential elections; there were two national elections; and there was a big Prussian for this article. 1932 German presidential election 1932 German presidential election by District (1st round) - Simple.svg, 1932 German presidential election by District (1st round).svg, 1932 German presidential election by District (2nd round) - Simple.svg, 1932 German presidential election by District (2nd round).svg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12940, Ernst Thlmann.jpg, Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P046284, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Werbung "Stahlhelm".jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03161A, Berlin, Propaganda zur Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13203A, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Wahlwerbung.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13229, Heinrich Brning.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13236, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Werbeauto.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1972-033-19, Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13174, Berlin, Wahlplakat am Columbiahaus.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13221, Berlin, Brandenburger Tor, Wahlplakat.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13237, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Werbeauto.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13239, Heinrich Brning.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13240, Otto Meiner.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13241, Berlin, Kranker auf dem Weg zur Wahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1984-0723-502, 1. Under this political climate, Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. [2] However, at the end of May 1932, Hindenburg was persuaded to dismiss Brning as chancellor and replaced him with Franz von Papen, a renegade from the Centre Party, and a non-partisan "Cabinet of Barons". This page was last edited on 4 April 2023, at 00:08. science and contains an extensive book review section of the With this fear removed after the results of the election were known, belief in Hitler's promise gave way to distrust and a desire to cripple the movement. A campaign truck urges voters to cast their ballots for the DNVP: the German National People's Party. Jahrbuch der Deutschen Sozialdemocratie (1930), p. 303Google Scholar. The Nazi Party, now in charge, campaign to consolidate their power into a complete dictatorship. The three main candidates were: President. WebUnused ballot distributed for the first round of the 1932 Presidential election in Germany held March 12. Incumbent President Paul von Hindenburg was 84 years old and in poor health. As Hindenburgs current chancellor could no longer gain a majority in the Reichstag, and Hitler could bring together a larger swath of the masses and a unified right/conservative/nationalist coalition, the president gave in. 2. more than half) in the first round was elected. 7 Jahrbuch der Berufsverbnde im Deutschen Reiche (1930), p. 43Google Scholar. 1932 German presidential election by District (2nd round).svg. Hitlers 1932 Election Campaign 'Stump Speech' Those close to the president wanted a cozier relationship to Hitler and the Nazis. In January 1933, Hitler was named chancellor of Germany. The second regular presidential election held in Germany since the adoption of the present constitution was completed on April 10, following the failure of each of the five candidates to poll a majority of the popular votes at the first election on March 13. View all Google Scholar citations The Nazi Party lost the presidential election, but they didn't give up. Independent candidate Crown Prince Wilhelm von Hohenzollern won against Social Democrat Otto Braun. Party representatives stand outside a polling station during the federal election, holding their placards high. ), Jahrbuch der Berufsverbnde im Deutschen Reiche, Geschftsbericht des Deutschen Beamtenbundes. Protect the workingman; 7. Upon Hindenburg's death in 1934 Hitler de facto assumed the presidency, which he combined with the chancellorship to become the Fhrer und Reichskanzler. Die Ergebnisse der Reichsprsidentenwahlen am 13. Und tut ihr es nicht aus Liebe, so tut es aus Hass. Leading editorial, Von Ebertzu Hitler? in the principal organ of the Social Democratic party, Vorwrts, February 28, 1932. It's a dark, dirty secret of history that we don't like to acknowledge, but the rise of German fascism began with a democratic election. WebThe 1932 United States elections were held on November 8, during the Great Depression.The presidential election coincided with U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and ; seconde lection au suffrage universel direct du prsident du Reich; Wahl in derWeimarer Republik; ; German presidential election, 1932; Reichsprsidentenwahl von 1932; 1932.; 1932.. The federal election and Hitler's shot at becoming chancellor was just around the corner. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The "Brownshirts" throw a parade, making a show of force to intimidate and sway voters toward Hitler. To date, therefore, the 1932 election was the last occasion on which a direct presidential election has occurred in Germany. Critical Thinking Questions What can artifacts such as this one tell us about life in Germany before the Nazi rise to power? 9 Jahrbuch der Berufsverbnde im Deutschen Reiche (1930), p. 58Google Scholar. Hindenburg, a monarchist and conservative, was personally offended by Hitler's gaining of most of righting votes. Hindenburg got 18,651,497 votes or 49%. 02 September 2013. 21 A political classification of German newspapers in 1930 gives the following results: German Nationalists, 373 (Hugenburg); Central party, 308; Bavarian People's party, 126; Social Democratic party, 149; National Socialists (1931), 44; German People's party, 42; Economic party, 26; Democratic party, 72.