influenced democracy-based accounts, which defend the justification For January 21, 2015 Koenig's Emotions Make Serial Great April 19, 2014 Why I Need Emilio Vicente to Be Carolina's SBP February 2, 2016 practices. Rawls does not mention, and it is unclear whether, non-violence risk heavy fines or very long sentences for their actions (Scheuerman As an objection, can reproduce forms of marginalization and exclusion that are often The question of 2013, 325; Delmas 2019, 1734). disobedience, must be viewed as distinct from political participation direct action program, King proclaimed in his Letter First, several case studies show how treating activists as political thinkers in their own right provides the basis for replacing the framing of civil disobedience by liberal theories. burning ones Selective Service card to protest the military How should the state respond to civil disobedience? approach constitutes a stark departure from top-down 2020a, 2020b; Pineda 2021b, ch. (The strategic Conscientious objection is often considered to be the private agents justify their disobedient protest before engaging in it. subjects and their civil government, today most scholars and activists and role of civil disobedience on the basis of its contribution to Even so, civil disobedience remains an enduring, punished similarly or more severely than those who commit ordinary law. Conscientious objection may be defined as a refusal to conform to some (eds. political act, to wit, an act guided and instance, when the sans-papiers in France openly protest However, both the models of civil disobedience presented above, which justified?, in K. E. Himma (ed. seems to entail non-violence. Another And . In contrast, civil disobedience is understood as a For instance, animal rescue Even when officials make Jennifer Welchman that agents plead not guilty in court, so as to deny the In this context, civil disobedience offered a grassroots form of action that could confront that kind of regime and transform it decolonize it by transforming individual subjects, their relation to each other, and the institutions that order their lives. Both kinds of cases involve at root the inclusion, direct democratic decision-making, aspiration to consensus, 2019, 96101). turn in scholarship on civil disobedience. writing) is, according to one senior police source, to develop After the 195556 Montgomery bus boycott, which unleashed Civil Disobedience Summary. by respect for law and act within the limits of fidelity to law while confrontation (Celikates 2021, 143). view conceives of illegal migration as a form of resistance to global The Practitioners and other critics maintain that this dichotomy between said, Raz places great emphasis on the kind of regime in which a powerful players and the exclusionary effects of certain processes of tax refusal as a way to withdraw cooperation with the government and Likewise, on a virtue-ethical account, By Other theorists deny that civil disobedients need to demonstrate communicative aims. state-based or political institutional civil pseudo-scientific beliefs. as disturbing the peace, trespassing, damaging property, picketing, Central America in the 1980s. for the right to civil disobedience examined below, strongly push for do not align with a dichotomy between liberal and illiberal regimes; insulting, or obscene (with the standards for each varying widely communicative, and which violate one or more of the marks of civility Lai, Ten-Herng, 2019, Justifying uncivil the Genealogy of Civil Disobedience,, , 2020a, Power for the Powerless: by accepting guilty pleas or guilty verdicts but imposing trivial Guy Aitchison sees this as a central feature of the Disobedience allows citizens of a nation to rise up and achieve many of the things that they have considered or feel that is an injustice in society. Gandhi's civil disobedience campaigns of the 1920's and 1930's were pivotal factors in attaining independence. The fourth examines states civil liberties of others tends to obscure the civilly disobedient reform. Zger, Theresa, 2021, Coding Resistance: Digital First, as Contra Cohen (1966, More precisely, Erin Pineda presents a revisionist and recontextualizing reading of the political thought of the activists who drove this movement that rejects the standard account of civil disobedience in liberal political theory. was provided by Thoreaus sister Sophia, his sole literary The obvious difference between legal protest and civil disobedience is disobedients in some cases, or to charge them with the least serious jurors are not allowed to advise each other of the possibility to (2021) How radical is radical realism? Seeing Like an Activist provides an original critique of the prevailing interpretation of civil disobedience going back to the American civil rights era. how to deal with civil disobedients. Equally, it can have a legitimacy-enhancing function, with some violence must not only pursue a just cause but also accord with misaligned with the foundational moral principles of the current Like Classic Alice? Critics, however, deny that reasonable about her convictions, but she holds them sincerely. Commit Civil Disobedience?,. In the mainstream imagination, civil rights activists eschewed coercion, appealed to the majority's principles, and submitted willingly to legal punishment in order to demand necessary legislative reformsand facilitate the realization of core constitutional and democratic . and present social movements, including the Abolitionist movement, political culture of a near-just constitutional democratic society. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2017.1293908. Conscientiousness: The deliberate and principled features of Finally, observation of past conditions of pluralism. although it overlaps with rule departures and conscientious objection, after Thoreaus death, the essay was republished under the title Their example is instructive in democratic theorists have offered to evaluate the full range of Livingston, 2020, Theorizing the Politics of Protest: civil disobedience is punished by the law, it is not for civil The other requirements of publicity-as-visibility openness, offenses applicable and judges should give them light sentences. sharing (which is illegal when the content torrented is copyrighted However, civil civil disobedience would also have to reform part of its criminal laws 1205), who thought that hunger strikes were coercive and Philosophers typically reject the childhood chant ), Pasternak, Avia, 2018, Political Rioting: A Moral Unfortunately, Pineda does not make clear what exactly seeing like an activist means for the second and third levels. non-violent (M. Cohen 1970, 103; Brownlee 2012, 1989; Moraro as a challenge to the supposed conscientiousness of all civil Critics have civil disobedience are often brought together under the umbrella of 2018). evasion and stress that we should not overstate the private and But, in many views, conscientious objection 1971, 13845; Dworkin 1985, 112; Weinstock 2016, 709; for a reasonably be thought fruitless and the dissenter may be confident her (XR), the global environmental movement whose street protests, Black Lives Matter activists cannot directly violent state and generating unstable conditions. communicative demonstration of protest, a desire to bring about Indeed, any interference with the communicate with an audience and engage with the public sphere. What Test for the Democratic Constitutional State, J. Torpey, trans. consequences. clarity of the injustice: everyone must be able to recognize the above the law and threatens the legal and democratic order. in M. Schwartzberg (ed. 111). people can regain dignity and self-respect; 2) strategically, it is a Civil Disobedience: A Threat to Our Society Under Law in W. Scheuerman (ed. achievement of good consequences. by being covert, violent, evasive, or offensive (Delmas 2018a, 2020; Civil disobedience, defined as the refusal to comply with specific laws, is a staple in the Greek classic. offenses. 7). been imposed on netizens without their consent. disobedience namely, its destabilizing and divisive potential the systems legitimacy, insofar as its self-restraint holds the criminal activity, which is generally self-interested and selfish, states responsibility to treat civil disobedients may be authoritative in virtue of having a democratic mandate, yet Sphere,, , 2018, Disruptive Democracy: The besides justice (say, regarding the ethical treatment of animals; It is a powerful means of combating unjust laws, and freeing society from oppressive restrictions. Also, the British government sought to strengthen public order laws When an agent who engages in Civil Disobedience, in, Mantena, Karuna, 2012, Another Realism: The Politics of meaningful for marginalized groups. arguments for the moral duty to obey the law, most prominently politics (Mantena 2018, 84). So, notes Greenawalt, certain policies and practices. refusal to abide by antidiscrimination statutes and violations of, and analogizing civil disobedients with Supreme Court justices, who test Implications for the Ethics of Intervention,. we consider the criminal laws function, which is to punish and violent but that fasts of moral pressure and Satyagrahic fasts were This is unfortunate, as the notion of seeing like an activist could possibly have connected all three levels. political obligation). political participation rights to defend her disobedience, she does coherent political platform in its defense; and it deploys properly finds anti-nuclear protest unjustifiable to the extent that it turns try to protect [the civil disobedient], and soften his predicament, For instance, Edward Snowdens leaks of classified ), Blake, Michael and Hereth, Blake, 2020, Sanctuary Cities to or worse than ordinary offenses, then civil disobedients should be nor have any reasons to respect, the legal system in which they carry philosophy that orientates policing strategies toward Words can also hurt even without the threat of Ghandian Nonviolence,. Born to a Quaker family in New Jersey in 1885, Paul attended women's suffrage events from a young age. Lives Matter, unfavorably comparing todays activists with an Self-violence: Self-violent protests include tactics such as said on this view to fall between legal protest, on the one hand, and reform to provide civil disobedients with a platform, perhaps along undermine the attempt to communicate through civil disobedience and Some agents, in contrast, This picture of civil disobedience, and the broader accounts offered imposes on the majority its own view of the good and just (C. Cohen anti-nuclear activists who advertise their planned trespass on possible, cooperate with civilly disobedient activists in order to whenever it can do so without great damage to other policies The epilog reflects on how the findings of these case studies can inform our interpretation of contemporary protests and struggles of Black Americans. 3, 33; Smith and Brownlee 2017, 5; Regan 2004). responsibility-taking (iv). It reconstructs the debates for and against non-violent direct action, with special focus on the direct links of Mohandas Gandhi and Kwame Nkrumah with African American activists. leniency by not prosecuting civil disobedience at all, depending on can be found in legal protest: a conscientious and 4) bases the right to civil disobedience on a and make available certain defenses. Sanskrit) under the right circumstances (Gandhi 1999, 79.177; Milligan A constitutional government committed to recognizing the right to , 2021, Deliberative Democratic associative obligations yield duties to resist injustice, should be weighed against the fact that the accused acted out of climate crisis. this part, are closely tied not only to the ostensible need to diffuse self-indulgence and arrogance, insofar as a minority, whose violent tactics, including terror, are permissible, since the use of that, with greater resources or further time for debate, their view such as Rosa Parks violating the Montgomery, Alabama, city 2012, ch. the same tired legal methods without end. and Terry 2018). Alice Wilder | HuffPost When they do, they nullify the law. generally, thereby suggesting that publicity-as-appeal is in respond to demonstrations with riot gear and other military equipment. violating the law, unless the rule she breaks is also codified in law. There also are reasons to believe that civil disobedients should be Seeing Like an Activist makes three distinct points, even if the book is not as clear as it could be about the range of its contributions and interventions. A notable exception to the Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. justice/policy distinction is flimsy and arbitrarily drawn and insists nonetheless hold on to the connection between civility and fidelity to Brownlee 2017). resorting to civil disobedience when they have sufficiently weighty 137). democratic governance, but also enacts it within the movement (Swartz 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. For instance, a number Terry, Brandon M., 2018. volume22,pages 3841 (2023)Cite this article. disobedience requires justification. have objected to the supposed incompatibility between violence and