Moved to the Philippines in 1945 till the end of the war. Motto: Kiai O Ka Lewa Commanders. The runway was lengthened to 3,800 feet. The greater portion of the lands on which the airport was constructed was already owned by the Territory. The U.S. Army granted a right-of-entry into Morse Field to the Territory. The 7th Air Force was renamed the Pacific Air Command in 1947 but was inactivated in 1949. The ban was lifted on private flying, opening theairfields to civilians. Wartime History. Trans-Ocean Airlines inaugurated air service to Hawaii. A contract for grading and paving a 3,750 foot runway was let for $359,627. Unkn, 1919-1938; Col Shepler W FitzGerald, c. Sep B-18s of 5th Bombardment Group, 31st Bomb Squadron, over the Pacific, c1938-1939 B-18 number BE-45 stationed at Hickam Field was the B Flight Leader's Plane. Courage Before Every Danger begins in 1938 with the 31st Bomb Squadron's transfer from the Mainland to Hawaii. List of United States Air Force bomb squadrons - Wikipedia British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines inaugurated air service to Hawaii. Dredging was intensified with as many as nine dredges working on the project which was usable by late 1943 and completed in September of 1944. Hawaiian Airlines was the principal user and made one stop a day en route from Honolulu to Hilo, and return. Hawaiian Air Transport Service with twin-engine Beechcraft airplanes operated a deluxe charter and tour service. The occasion was to inaugurate Uniteds scheduled daily service between Honolulu and San Francisco on May 1, 1947. (Approved 21 Jun 1924. The history of the Bomber Barons of the Thirteenth "Jungle" Air Force as compiled by the 5th Group Historical Officer, and released for publication by the 13th Air Force Public Relations Officer Cover title: History of the Fifth Bomb Group Electronic reproduction Master and use copy. Defense plans among military in Hawaii were general rather than specific regarding interchange of vital information and assistance. Sergiy Popov Sunflower experimentation at SOLTIS Slobozhanska selyshchna hromada, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine Congress appropriated a sum of $1.9 million for the development of John Rodgers Airport in conjunction with the seaplane project. The Hawaiian Air Force moved to Hickam Field as construction had progressed sufficiently to accommodate them. 69th Observation Group 31st Observation Squadron (O-49, O-52) 82d Observation Squadron (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-52) Sherwood Field, Paso Robles The runway was extended to 4,000 feet and housing was provided for the personnel operating the airfield. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! The establishment of the Naval Air Station, Keehi Lagoon, was approved by the Secretary of the Navy. This area, whichwas under lease to the Navy,was in the process of being declared surplus to their needs and returned to the Territory. Georgia, 4 Feb 1944; Momote Airfield, Los Negros, 7 Apr 1944; Wakde, 17 This time the effort was not successful but the flow stopped naturally. 72nd Bomb Squadron Association . Remanned in Mar 1947, equipped with FB-17's and The station was to serve as a terminal for NATS and Pan American Airways. B-18 stationed at Hickam Field, c1938-1940. Two operational bomb squadrons (23d and 31st) were formed. B-17 Flying Fortress USAAF bomber | World War Photos 2d Signal Service Battalion 5th Chemical Company, Service, Aviation . The 5th Bombardment Group suffered devastating casualties and equipment damage during the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Hickam Field and other targets on the island of Oahu on 7 December 1941. 5th Bombardment Group (Second World War) - HistoryOfWar.org Port Allen Airport was released to the Territory by the military and the runways were repaired at a cost of $33,456 of which the Federal government contributed $17,500. The aircraft and crews supported U.S. Pacific Command operations to provide a stabilizing military force in the region. 1950-16 Jun 1952. Flights took 16 hours and the cost was $278. This was in line with the Mainland practice in changing longstanding names of airports to that of the city where the airport was located. Sid Ulmer of the 31st BS has written "Waist Gunner". The Marine Corps built a small airstrip near Kamuela, Hawaii. Helped to neutralize enemy bases on Yap and in the Truk and Palau HQ Sqd 5th Bombardment Group. On January 30, 1942 delivered to the U.S. Army Air Force (USAAF) as B-17E Flying Fortress serial number 41-2523. Act 23, Session Laws of Hawaii 1947, provided $17,500 for paving and developing Port Allen Airport into a suitable field for use by charter or privately owned aircraft. An attack by Japanese forces was expected in the Philippines. 1947- unkn; Col William E Basye, 1949; Col Walter E Arnold, 27 Feb walika, Squadrons. LATEST NEWS; ABOUT US; B-1B Lancers integrate with partners, build interoperability during exercise COPE INDIA 2023 . Aircraft: Only 79 out of 231 assigned were operational after the attack; 64 were totally destroyed; theremainder heavily damaged. on the Internet. He and six others . The land was donated to the Territory by the Hawaiian Pineapple Company. The work was completed May 22, 1948. The 5th Operations Group (5 OG) is an operational component of the United States Air Force 5th Bomb Wing, stationed at Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota. October 29, 2021 in WALIKA'S WWII ARMY AIR FORCES RELATED PATCHES, 31st Bombardment Squadron | 5th Bombardment Group | Thirteenth Air Force. 431st (formerly 50th, later 5th): 1930-1938, United States Army Air Force, Dec 7 1941 - NavSource The book details the diary of William Davis Parker, a gunner with the 5th BG. to the neighbor islands. They were divided into several groups for onward flight. Contact Squadron Veterans: Contact information for 31st BS Veterans. A lease was entered into by the Aeronautics Commission with the Spencecliff Corp. for the operation of a restaurant, coffee shop and cocktail lounge (Sky Room) at Honolulu Airport. head argent winged or. Completed a variety of missions from October 1944 until the end of the war, these operations including raids on enemy bases and installations on Luzon, Ceram, Halmahera, and Formosa; support for ground forces in the Philippines and Borneo; and patrols off the China coast. From 1927-1940 funds expended on John Rodgers Airport added up to $356,000. To complete the project, paving taxiways and parking areas brought the total to $678,854. Remained in This was broken down to $51,000 Federal, $91,000 Territorial, and $113,000 by Inter-Island Airways. The following aeronautical activities were available at Honolulu Airport: Scheduled Airlines (Overseas)Pan American Airways, United Air Lines, China National Aviation Corporation, British Commonwealth Pacific Airways and Philippine Airlines; Non-scheduled (Overseas)Trans-Ocean Airlines (Guam-USA, China USA), Pacific Overseas Airlines (Contract & Ferry); Scheduled InterislandHawaiian Airlines (Passenger and Freight); Trans-Air Hawaii (Temporary permit); Non-scheduled InterislandAndrew Flying Service, K-T Flying Service, Hawaiian Air Transport Service, Cockett Airlines, Island Flight Service; Trans-Pacific Airlines; Flying SchoolsAndrew Flying Service, K-T Flying Service, Hawaiian School of Aeronautics, Aero Service & Supply; Island Flight Service; Mechanics SchoolsHonolulu Vocational; Repair Shops (Light Plane)Andrew Flying Service, K-T Flying Service, Hawaiian School of Aeronautics, Leighton & Schriver Metal Shop, Aviation Radio Maintenance Company, Associated Aircraft Repair, Aero Service & Supply; Repair Shops (Heavy Planes)Hawaiian Airlines, Trans-Pacific Airlines, Trans-Air Hawaii, Hawaiian Air Transport Service, Cockett Airlines, Pan American Airways; Government PlanesMilitary Air Transport Service, Utility Flight Unit, Civil Aeronautics Administration. Flying from a forward operating location, bomber crews attacked strategic targets in Afghanistan to topple the Taliban regime. Bellows Field was officially opened for private aircraft after the Territory acquired a temporary right-of-entry for a portion of it. With modern technology and advanced weapons like the JDAM and JASSM, the 5th's B-52 are expected to remain operational until the year 2040. Remanned in Mar 1947, equipped with FB-17's and F-2's, and engaged in mapping areas of the Philippines, Formosa, and the Pescadores. Pacific Skyways, Ltd., operated from Port Allen Airport, providing services for the island of Kauai. Canadian Pacific Airlines inaugurated air service to Honolulu. 1927-1938, 1939-1946. Central Pacific; Guadalcanal; New Guinea; Northern 5th Bomb Group (H) Association 39685 Ramshorn Drive Murrieta, CA 92563. Britain, and New Ireland. the theater as part of Far East Air Forces after the war, but all The buildings and other facilities were constructed by the Navy during the War. oil installations at Balikpapan, Borneo, on 30 Sep 1944. Molokai Airport was located on land belonging to the Territory and was leased to the Army during the war. Gen. Frank as Commanding General 18th Wing at Hickam. Stations. Today, the 5th's B-52Hs are a major component of the USAF's strategic bombing force, alongside the Rockwell B-1B Lancer and the Northrop B-2A Spirit. Small planes of other flying services received bullet holes but were able to return to Rodgers Airport without injury to pilots or passengers. Books - B-24 Bomb Groups - 5th-392nd - B-24 Best Web On November 27, 1947 Trans Air received a CAB Letter of Registration to fly a regular freight schedule between islands. It had a paved runway 3,000 feet in length, and was used extensively by charter airlines and freight planes. Contact Us, If you have any data on servicemen and their units and would like to submit it to our digital library; please Contact Us, Copyright, Army Air Corps Library and Museum, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 31st Bombardment Squadron (H) Association 1701 Williamsburg Road Lexington, Kentucky 40504-2013. The first civilian casualty in Hawaii of the War was Robert Tyce, owner of the K-T Flying Service, who was killed by machine gun fire from Japanese torpedo planes as they flew over John Rodgers Airport on their way to Pearl Harbor. Valley Isle Aviation operated from Kahului Airport, providing service on the island of Maui similar to that furnished by Maui Flying Academy. In lieu of restoration, The Army paid the Territory $17,500 to match the Legislative appropriation for construction. 5th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy) in Apr 1946, and 5th Reconnaissance Barbers Point Naval Air Station was under construction at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack. The Seabees began construction of a second runway at Naval Air Station Kaneohe. Tail of parked B-17E number 41-2648 clearly seen in one scene. 31st Bombardment Squadron | 5th Bombardment Group | Thirteenth Air It covers all squadrons that were constituted or redesignated as bombardment squadron sometime during their active service. All civilian aircraft in Hawaii were grounded. [2], On 30 October 2009 Westa was relieved as commander of the 5th Bomb Wing by Major General Floyd L. Carpenter, commander of 8th Air Force. Hamoa Airport in Hana was owned by the Territory and had been in operation since May 1934. Insigne. Shield: Party per pale nebuly vert and sable a death's The Hickam AFB aircraft strength at beginning of year was: 117 planes, mostly obsolete. Personnel and group records to digital. Hawaiian Airlines started it first scheduled air freight service between the islands. While the Navy had more extensive installations and greater use of the field, the Army Air Corps continued to operate the control tower, and from Army installations served a sizeable air transport operation conducted by the 19th Troop Transport Squadron. The commission hired a crash-fire crew to work with two pieces of equipment procured from the Navy and to function in coordination with Navy crash fire activity on the airport. The second wave consisted of 170 aircraft. Naval Air Station, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, with the primary mission of maintaining and operating a base for Naval Air Transport Units, Pacific Wing. A tract of 14.69 acres was set aside at Molokai Airport for the Navy. Civilian passenger service continued under the Army. For the first time in combat history, a 5th BW crew employed a Litening II targeting pod to strike targets at an Iraqi airfield 11 April 2003. Redesignated 5th Bombardment Group in March 1938, 5th Bombardment Group (Medium) in December 1939, and 5th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1940. Lihue Airport opened to limited operation while the terminal was being built. The bombers dropped more than 3million pounds of weaponry, including conventional air-launched cruise missiles, joint direct attack munitions, gravity weapons, laser-guided bombs and leaflet dispensers. Units in this list are assigned to nearly every Major Command in the United States Air Force. The airfieldwas owned by the U.S. Army Air Force and was developed extensively by the Army during the war. Ewa Field was established as a Marine Corps Air Station. This field, because of its short runways, could not be used by the Army during the War and was plowed up to prevent its possible use by the enemy. Inter-Island Airways acquired three DC-3 24-passenger aircraft and they flew from Oakland to Honolulu in 14 hours and 58 minutes. On December 7, 1941 during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and Oahu, the squadron suffered four Killed In Action (KIA) and nine Wounded In Action (WIA). Flying a mix of close air support and strike missions, 5th BW crews ensured success of ground combat units in meeting their objectives. Northwest Airlines began regularly scheduled service between Portland, Seattle and Honolulu. The only terminal facility belonged to Hawaiian Airlines. The airport comprised 2,317.969 acres of land. 5th Operations Group | Military Wiki | Fandom and Southwest Pacific with B-17 and B-24 aircraft, served in combat An airstrip was added to the Naval Air Station at Kaneohe. New Site at Spreckelsville, Maui. Philippines and Borneo; and patrols off the China coast. of 14thPursuit Wing (P-26s). Operations were officially begun by the arrival and landing of a JRF piloted by the Command Officer, Naval Air Station, Kahului, followed immediately by nine SBDs and one F6F aircraft of Composite Squadron 23 under command of Senior Naval Aviation Present, with personnel and gear on hand for duty. Bellows Field and Haleiwa Airfield went into operation. (Headquarters, Ft. Shafter) was in charge. web pages No known nickname or nose art. This page is not available in other languages. Read more about Supporting the AALCM. Do you have items such as papers, photos, uniforms, gear and other artifacts? Equipped with RB-29's. Some of these airfields were considered vulnerable to attack and unusable, and the others were placed under strict control of either the Army or Navy. Reconstruction of Lanai Airport was started on April 12, 1948 and was the first Territorial Airport to be developed under joint Civil Aeronautics Administration-Territorial participation of funds. and Leyte. Puunene still served as Maui Airport. In 1921, the group was redesignated the 5th Group (Observation). On a black triangle, one point up, bordered white, a skull and cross-bones proper. Hawaii became the center of two world air routes offered by the Civil Aeronautics Board. Fifty five P-40 aircraft also arrived by aircraft carrier. There were no civil airports at Kahului; that site still belonged to the Naval Air Station. Act 35, Session Laws of Hawaii 1941, appropriated $7,500 for the acquisition of lands in Kailua (Kona) for an airport. The 5 OG commands the following squadrons (Tail Code: MT): The group's emblem, approved in 1924, features a winged death's head as an uncompromising symbol of its combat mission. Barking Sands, Kauai; John Rodgers Field was taken over by the Army at the beginning of the war and used as a troop transport base while runway construction was in progress. 5th Bomb Wing | Military Wiki | Fandom The Navy decommissioned Marine Corps Air Corps Air Station. William A. Patterson, president of United Air Lines arrived atJohn RodgersAirport in the first DC-6 to be put in overseas service. Decorations. Philippine Airlines inaugurated air service to Hawaii. Ground crew members wash P-40 aircraft fuselage at Hickam Field, 1940. Flew missions to the Netherlands Indies, receiving a DUC for However, the most important construction was four runways at John Rodgers Airport which would become Naval Air Station Honolulu (NAS 29) and home base for an Army and Navy Air Transport Command. Then struck enemy bases and installations on Bougainville, New Gen. Walter H. Frank relieved Brig. On the north side of the field, the Navy built the Naval Air Station Honolulu to support the Naval Air Transport operations and to house about 5,000 men. The Air Force, created out of the Army, became a separate service in 1947. Redesignated 5th Strategic Reconnaissance Group in Jul 1949. Because of this new aircraft and its increased passenger carrying capacity. The 1947 Legislature appropriated $60,000 for the development of this field but the construction necessary to develop a field with sufficient length to meet schedule airline operation using DC-3 aircraft would necessitate an expenditure of several hundred thousand dollars. Hawaii Aviation | 1940-1949 1949-1952. Redesignated 5th Strategic Reconnaissance Group in Jul 1949. Barbers Point, Oahu; World War Two had started in Hawaii and was followed within a few hours by attacks on the Philippines and the Dutch East Indies. Permission to operate Hilo Airport as a commercial airport was granted the Territory of Hawaii by letter from the Commanding General, Armed Forces; however operational control still remained with the Air Force pending formal cancellation of the existing lease. This was the first Air Force outside the Continental U.S. Maj. Gen. Frederick L. Martin, C.G. Left Hawaii in November 1942 and, operating primarily from Pekoa Airfield, Esprito Santo in the New Hebrides Islands with a mix of B-17 and B-24 aircraft, served in combat with Thirteenth Air Force during the Allied drive from the Solomons to the Philippines. The field was taken over by the Army at the beginning of the war and used as a troop carrier transport base while construction of the runways was in progress. A flight of 11 B-17s arrived during the attack from the West Coast and landed at Wheeler, Haleiwa, Hickam and the golf course at Kahuku. The field was an unpaved sod strip. Most users of the airport are commercial operators and the Army and Navy operating between the islands. The following airports were under the management of the Hawaii Aeronautics Commission: OahuHonolulu Airport, Bellows Field, Haleiwa Airport; KauaiPort Allen Airport; MolokaiKalaupapa Airport, Molokai (Homestead) Airport; MauiMaui Airport (Puunene), Kahului Airport, Hamoa Airport (Hana); LanaiLanai Airport; and HawaiiGeneral Lyman Field (Hilo Airport), Kamuela Airport, Upolu Airport; Morse Field (South Cape). Philippines. Maui Flying Academy, operating from Maui Airport, provided service between Maui and Hana Airports on the island of Maui, in addition to general charter service to Lanai and Molokai with infrequent flights to Hilo and Honolulu. Pacific Ocean Airlines inaugurated air service between Hawaii and the Mainland. Hilo Flying School provided charter and rental services from General Lyman Field to the island of Hawaii. Presently only small charter and private airplanes land there. In Hawaii, the B-17E-equipped 5th and 11th Bombardment Groups were used in the Battle of Midway to attack Japanese surface fleets. 5th Air Force. The Civil Aeronautics Administration movedits communications facilities to the third floor of the Honolulu Airport terminal building and the U.S. The Navy moved its crash-fire equipment from the south side of the airport toits main fire station on the north side. in Hawaii. Hickam Field, TH, 8 Feb 1938; Kipapa, TH, 23 May 1942; Kualoa, TH, 9 Sep-9 Nov 1942; Espiritu Santo, 30 Nov 1942; Guadalcanal, 17 Jan 1943 (operated from Munda, New Georgia, 2 Feb-13 Mar 1944); Momote Airfield, Los Negros, c. 20 Apr 1944; Wakde, c. 20 Aug 1944; Noemfoor, 26 Sep 1944; Morotai, c. 16 Oct 1944; Samar, c. 17 Mar 1945. 19th Pursuit: 1924-1927. [3], 16 September 2016 saw one of the 5th OG's largest annual readiness exercise dubbed "Exercise Prairie Vigilance" take place. They discontinued operations in August 1947. More than 10 million cubic yards of coral was placed between John Rodgers Airport and Hickam Field, in Fort Shafter Flats, in Mapunapuna and elsewhere in the vicinity. The Navy received a permit from the Territory to enter and construct facilities for their own use at John Rodgers Airport. Upolu Point Airport was operated as an auxiliary field to Hilo. Work was scheduled for completion in 1949. They discontinued operations in April 1948. Land was acquired near Ahukini, Kauai for construction of Lihue Airport. OPERATIONS. In March 2004, the wing sent six B-52s and over 300 support personnel to Andersen AFB, Guam. 1938-1947, 1947-1952. 5th Operations Group - Wikipedia 86th Observation Squadron at Bellows Field. US Army Air Forces Casualties - National Park Service Army Air Forces. Act 153, Session Laws of Hawaii 1945, appropriated $150,000 for the construction of a new airport in the district of Hana. It's easy! Kipapa Airport on Oahu may be made available for student pilot flying. These airmen, originally attached to the 44th Bomb Group, arrived In Hawaii two days prior to the attack to outfit their plane for a secret Photo . All interisland operators were based on the north side of the airport. Each airline had its own terminal facilities. B-1B Lancers integrate with partners, build interoperability during 1944; Maj Albert W James, 28 Feb 1945; Col Isaac Haviland, 15 Mar 1945; (38th and 88thReconnaissance Squadrons.). Three more airportswere under construction: Kauai: Lihue Airport; HawaiiKailua (Kona) Airport; and MauiHana Airport. Total of 55 P-40s had arrived by carrier. Concessions included RCA Communications, a barber shop, flower shop and blind vendors news stand. Paving of a 2,500-foot runway at Port Allen Airport began, along with an aircraft parking apron and connecting taxiway. Scheduled airlineswere required to continue service from Barking Sands. Unit of Service: 31st Bomb Squadron, 5th Bomb Group, 13th Air Force Location of Service: Biloxi, Mississippi; San Antonio, Texas; Saxon, Missouri; Monroe, Louisiana; Tanana, Nevada; New Guinea; Philippines; Bismarck Archipelago; Hawaii; Camp Gordon, Georgia; Pacific Theater Highest Rank: First Lieutenant Dates of Service: 1943-1945 6th Pursuit: 1919-1927. Used DH-4, MB-2, B-12, LB-5, LB-6, PW-9, P-12, O-19, and other On September 23, 1947 Mr. Belcher was appointed as Assistant Director of Aeronautics. The airportwas located on land owned by the Territory. Flown to Hill Field and later flown to Hickam Field. (Approved 10 Sep 1934. 1946, 1947. B-18, 1937-1942; B-17, 1941-1943; B-24; 1943-1945. This was later extended to 4,400 feet. This was the longest flight ever to be made by a fighter airplane. Assigned to Seventh Air Force in February 1942. Search the history of over 806 billion U.S. Army Engineers constructed military installations and continued the expansion of runways, taxiways and parking aprons. During the nearly four years of war, the group participated in 10 major campaigns, flew more than 1,000 combat missions and earned two Distinguished Unit Citations and the Philippine Presidential Unit Citation. 5th BG "Bomber Barons": 307th BG "The Long Rangers": 868th BS "Snoopers . Civilian aviation operations on Kauai were handled by the Army Air Corps at Barking Sands during the War. Extensive construction was undertaken to provide a base for seaplane and landplane operations, principally for the Naval Air Transport Service. Authorized as 2nd Group (Observation) on 15 Aug 1919 and organized The use of this field by small plane operations was acquired by the Department of Public Works prior to the creation of the Hawaii Aeronautics Commission at no cost to the Territory. All the active Bomb Squadrons are in Bold. Although several attacks were made by the B-17s, none of their bombs actually hit a single Japanese ship. Redesignated AIRCRAFT. Thirteenth Air Force began operations in November 1942 as an organization composed of many widely separated Seventh Air Force and independent units scattered in the South Central Pacific during the Solomon Islands campaign . Thirty-oneP-36s with pilots and crew chiefs left San Diego on the carrier Enterprise for the Territory of Hawaii. They discontinued operations in April 1948. Hickam Field, TH, 8 Feb 1938; Kipapa, TH, 23 May 1942; Kualoa, TH, 9 Sep-9 Nov 1942 . The Aeronautics Commission obtained the services, under contact, of CAA personnel to operate the control tower until Federal funds became available for this purpose. The 7th Bomb Operation ground echelon, consisting of 2,500 officers and men, 18 P-40s and unassembled 52 A-24s, with food and ammunition, left Honolulu in a convoy to the Philippine Islands. Layout for the Seadrome as submitted by Mr. Robert Campbell in July 1941 was carried out by the U. S. Engineers and the Navy in the war development of John Rodgers Airport. This article incorporates public domain material from the .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Air Force Historical Research Agency.
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